Healthy eating for diabetes management

Eating healthy is important for all of us, but it’s especially important for those who have been diagnosed with diabetes. And while there’s no one specific meal plan that works for everyone, there are some general rules to keep in mind for developing a plan that fits your needs and goals. Below is a high-level overview, as well as a link to an informational sheet that provides more details.

What to eat

It’s important to have a meal plan that includes a healthy balance of food groups, including:

Carbohydrates - These nutrients have the greatest impact on blood glucose and should be eaten in moderation.

Proteins - Most people with diabetes should follow the same protein guidelines as people without diabetes, although this may vary depending on your individual health requirements, as certain foods can have more of an impact on blood glucose levels than others.

Fats - Though they have a minimum impact on blood glucose, it is recommended that most people, including those with diabetes, limit the use of saturated and trans fats.

Non-starchy vegetables and other foods - You can enjoy many vegetables and other foods in moderation. These cause little or no increase in blood glucose.

Check out our Meal planning for diabetes informational sheet for a list of specific foods within each group.

When to eat

Eating the same amount of carbohydrates at the same time every day can help to keep your blood glucose levels closer to the target range. Many people find that eating smaller amounts of food four to six times a day, instead of eating two to three big meals, meets their energy needs and keeps them from getting too hungry. It also helps to keep blood glucose levels from going too high after a big meal.^*

How to stay on track

Taking care of your diabetes may include adjusting your current eating habits. It also may involve making changes from time to time as you learn how foods impact your blood glucose, weight and other test results. Stay in touch with your doctor and care team—they are here for you every step of the way.

*National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. “Healthy Living with Diabetes.” Last reviewed October 2023. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity